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Seat inclinations affect the function of children with cerebral palsy: A review of the effect of different seat inclines: Disability and Rehabilitation : Assistive Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6. (2007), pp. 309-318.Purpos e. An evaluation of the current research evaluating the impact of seat inclinations upon postural control, muscle activity and upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy. Method. A literature review searching 13 electronic databases was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were applied to abstracts found; full text research articles were retrieved and a critical review of the eligible articles completed. Results. Ten studies were reviewed which investigated the effect of seat inclinations. Improved postural control and a reduction in pathological movements were achieved in anterior tilt; reduced postural sway was evident for children with spastic cerebral palsy sitting on anterior incline, and increased sway for those with hypotonia; extensor thrust was evoked when in posterior incline; and there was evidence of improved arm and hand function whilst seated in the functional sitting position as opposed a posterior seat incline. Conclusions. (i) The current literature is inconclusive, however there are indications that neutral and anterior seat inclines do positively affect function for children with cerebral palsy; (ii) Individual assessment of seating ability and need is advocated for these children rather than the adoption of a universal seat incline.Linda Mcnamara, Jackie Casey

Source: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6. (2007), pp. 309-318.
The Global Turning Probability Density Function for Motile Bacteria and its Applications: Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 195, No. 2. (21 November 1998), pp. 139-155.The angular turning probability density distribution for motile bacteria is usually measured in local coordinates and is therefore inconvenient for global analyses of the chemotactic bacterial migration. In this paper we present analytical derivations that convert the local angular turning probability density distribution into a global one. The explicit expression of a reduced global turning probability density function for motile bacteria was derived and its relevant properties were investigated. Depending on the angle variable being intergrated and the integration range, three types of cosine moments were separately defined and studied. Some statistical indices and parameters such as the directional persistence, persistence number, and one-dimensiona l reversal probability were found to be embedded in the various moments of the reduced global turning probability density function. Applications of the reduced global turning probability and its integrated moments to a three-dimensio nal cell balance equation in an axisymmetric system were also discussed.Kevi n Chen, Roseanne Ford, Peter Cummings

Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 195, No. 2. (21 November 1998), pp. 139-155.
Tapered etching of aluminum with CHF[sub 3]/Cl[sub 2]/BCl[sub 3] and its impact on step coverage of plasma-deposit ed silicon oxide from tetraethoxysil ane: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectroni cs and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 9, No. 5. (1991), pp. 2530-2535.The tapered etching of aluminum CHF3/Cl2/BCl3 gas mixtures in a hexode reactive ion etching reactor is reported. The process involves sidewall polymer deposition during etching; Auger analysis of the deposit showed mainly carbon and chlorine. The metal sidewall angle (taper angle) was studied as a function of processing conditions, the spacing between Al lines, and photoresist thickness. The extent of taper increased with increasing CHF3 flow rates, saturating at high flow rates, and decreased with increasing Cl2 flow rates. The extent of taper increased with bias in the range ?190 to ?230 V, and decreased in the range ?230 to ?260 V. In addition, the extent of taper increased with increasing spacing and with decreasing photoresist thickness. The taper angle for a given spacing can be tailored in the range 60°?90° by adjusting processing conditions. As expected, the step coverage of plasma-enhance d TEOS oxide on taper-etched aluminum lines showed a marked improvement over that of vertical aluminum lines.N Selamoglu, CN Bredbenner, TA Giniecki, HJ Stocker

Source: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 9, No. 5. (1991), pp. 2530-2535.
Some effects of angle of approach on icon selection: (1995), pp. 298-299.Thomas Whisenand, Henry Emurian

Source: (1995), pp. 298-299.
Cursor Trajectory Analysis: (2001), pp. 127-134.Hilde Oirschot, Adrian Houtsma

Source: (2001), pp. 127-134.
Analysis of Cursor Movements with a Mouse: (1997), pp. 533-536.Thomas Whisenand, Henry Emurian

Source: (1997), pp. 533-536.
Finding the center of a phyllotactic pattern: Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 225, No. 1. (7 November 2003), pp. 15-32.The calculation of divergence angles between primordia in a plant apex depends on the point used as the center of the apex. In mathematically ideal phyllotactic patterns, the center is well defined but there has not been a precise definition for the center of naturally occurring phyllotactic patterns. A few techniques have been proposed for estimating the location of the center but without a precise definition for the center the accuracy of these methods cannot be known. This paper provides a precise definition that can be used as the center of a phyllotactic pattern and a numerical method which can accurately find it. These tools will make it easier to compare theory against experiment in phyllotaxis.Sc ott Hotton

Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 225, No. 1. (7 November 2003), pp. 15-32.
Angle-based dynamic path construction for route load balancing in wireless sensor networks: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC. 2004 IEEE, Vol. 4 (2004), pp. 2474-2479 Vol.4.Since the routing is the most energy-consumi ng operation in large wireless sensor networks, the routing mechanisms need to dynamically distribute the routing load to multiple sensors in order to maximize the number of live sensors during a given time unit. In this paper we propose a novel angle-based dynamic path construction (ADPC) scheme for routing load distribution with a goal of ultimately extending the network lifetime. The ADPC scheme dynamically constructs a routing path to the base station with the help of a set of routers extracted from local neighbors. The router set selection is based on an angle, called routing angle, which plays a key role in controlling the number of routers and the length of the routing path which influences the data delivery latency. Each such router is chosen as a next-hop based on its current routing service load, thus achieving the delay-aware and energy-conserv ing routing load distribution. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the ADPC scheme leads to a much lower rate of sensor failures and is able to control the data delivery latency as compared to a single (alternate) path routing scheme.Wook Choi, SK Das, K Basu

Source: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC. 2004 IEEE, Vol. 4 (2004), pp. 2474-2479 Vol.4.
High-precision measurements of light-induced torque on absorbing microspheres: Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, No. 19. (2004), pp. 2231-2233.Lase r beams have been demonstrated to be capable of exerting torque as well as forces on microparticles . Using a custom magneto-optic manipulator, we directly measured the torque exerted by laser light on absorbing microspheres as a result of the transfer of spin angular momentum. A general method for measuring torque has been developed, and the experimental apparatus has shown a sensitivity of ?1 pN/nm. © 2004 Optical Society of America.M Capitanio, D Normanno, FS Pavone

Source: Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, No. 19. (2004), pp. 2231-2233.
Preparation and characterizati on of gold-coated silver triangular platelets in nanometer scale: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 90, No. 2-3. (15 April 2005), pp. 361-366.Colloi ds of triangular silver platelets and the platelets coated with a layer of gold have been prepared and analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolutio n electron microscopy (HRTEM), ultraviolet-vi sible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The particle size distribution measured by DLS indicates the Ostwald ripening process in evolution of triangles is fed by small spherical particles during light illumination. The shape of most particles is a truncated equilateral triangle and the degree of truncation decreases as the size increases. Triangular platelets are of edge length 50-60 nm and thickness 6-10 nm. The edge length increases to 60-90 nm after depositing a gold layer. To preserve the triangular geometry, a gold layer of thickness less than 5 nm is preferred. The epitaxial nature of gold grown on the 1 1 1 planes of the silver crystal is clearly illustrated in HRTEM images when the thickness of gold is less than 1 or 2 nm. A moire fringe is usually observed when the Au thickness is higher than 5 nm. The moire fringe is simulated by rotating two overlapped lattices of the same spacing. The peak position of in-plane dipole resonance at 680 nm is sensitive to the degree of truncation of silver triangle. It shifts towards 615 nm owing to corner rounding by the heat. The gold coating broadens and shifts the peak of in-plane resonance toward shorter wavelengths, hence the cool blue color changes into a warmer color.Dah-Shya ng Tsai, Chih-Hsiao Chen, Chen-Chia Chou

Source: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 90, No. 2-3. (15 April 2005), pp. 361-366.

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